Does the hiring manager / HR ever search existing resumes to try to find candidates?

I'm in the process of developing a resume tailored to a particular opening. But I'm wondering if anyone ever gets an unexpected call from HR / a hiring manager that starts "We saw your resume and..." that resulted from a usajobs database search by them.

If so, any advice for how to increase the chances of that happening? I'm not a special snowflake by any means, but I am reinstatement eligible and have a ton of fairly specialized experience in my field (after leaving .gov).

Are hiring managers even allowed to proactively search for potential candidates?