Sci-fi anthology 1st story realization that when you die your 'soul' is trapped in an alien body for all eternity as you scream in horror

Had very much a Lovecraftian feel but was definitely post WWII, don't remember any of the other stories in it.

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Guy is called to Observatory where his professor made a discovery. They got a radio-telescope that can hear souls leave the Earth. Each soul is like a pokemon just saying the name of the person. Hitler is name-checked. They're going to an alien planet and when they get there the soul starts screaming in body-horror as "that's not me" it's sucked into an alien where it stays.